A new international framework
On 22 May 2026, the International Maritime Organization announced adoption of the International Code of Safety for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships, commonly called the MASS Code. The IMO describes it as a goal-based framework addressing design and operation of remotely controlled or autonomous cargo ships, including navigation, connectivity, remote operations, fire safety, search and rescue, risk assessment, and cybersecurity.
The IMO says the non-mandatory Code takes effect from 1 July 2026, allowing Member States to test its use while work continues toward mandatory rules. It does not mean that all ships are autonomous or that AI is independently responsible for safe navigation.
Human oversight remains central
The IMO highlights human oversight and states that the master retains overall responsibility for the ship, even when not onboard. The framework also connects autonomous operation with existing SOLAS and other applicable mandatory instruments. This places accountability, reliable communications, remote-operation arrangements, and risk controls at the center of the discussion.
The IMO's published roadmap anticipates further experience-building work, development of a mandatory Code in 2028, expected adoption by 1 July 2030, and entry into force on 1 January 2032. These are roadmap milestones, not a claim that the future mandatory instrument is already in force. Check IMO updates for changes.